Duato signed his first professional contract with the Cullberg Ballet in Stockholm in 1980 and a year later Jirí Kylián brought him to the Nederlands Dans Theater in Holland, where he was quickly assimilated into the company and its repertoire. In recognition of his achievement as a dancer, Duato received the Golden Dance Award in Schouwburgen, Netherlands in 1987. Duato's natural talent as a dancer led him to begin exploring choreography, and his first attempt at it in 1983 turned into a major success: Jardí Tancat, set to Catalanan music by fellow SpaniardMª del Mar Bonet won him the first prize at the International Choreographic Workshop in Cologne. In 1988 Nacho Duato was named Resident Choreographer for Nederlands Dans Theater alongside Hans van Manen and Jirí Kylián.
Nacho Duato has been the Artistic Director of Compañía Nacional de Danza since June of 1990, when he has invited to take the position by the Instituto Nacional de las Artes Escénicas y de la Música of the Spanish Ministry of Culture.
His ballets are now found in the repertoire of companies including Cullberg Ballet, Nederlands Dans Theater, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens de Montréal, Deutsche Oper Ballet, Australian Ballet, Stuttgart Ballet, Ballet Gulbenkian, Finnish Opera Ballet, San Francisco Ballet, Royal Ballet and American Ballet Theatre. His choreography White Darkness forms a part of the repertoire of the Ballet of the Opera of Paris from November, 2006.
In 1995 he received the title of Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, presented annually by the French Embassy in Spain.
The Spanish Government awarded him the Golden Medal for Merit in the Fine Arts in 1998. He won the Benois de la Danse at the Stuttgart Opera, one of the most prestigious international awards for choreography, presented by the International Dance Association for Multiplicity. Forms of Silence and Emptiness in April of 2000. In 2003, Duato became the winner of Spain’s National Dance Award, in the Creative category.